Human knowledge is fundamentally defined as "justified true belief," a definition that has ignited significant debates in epistemology regarding "belief," "justification," and "truth." This work explores the definition of knowledge while addressing contemporary challenges. Part One examines the essence of human knowledge, beginning with an analysis of its etymology and the nature of consciousness. Key issues within epistemology and diverse perspectives that shape our understanding are also highlighted. Part Two focuses on the foundational components of justified true belief, analyzing belief and justification, drawing on Bertrand Russell and the Gettier problem. Subsequent chapters critically assess various theories and critiques concerning truth in the context of human knowledge. Part Three challenges the limitations of the Western epistemological tradition and considers alternatives, examining Indigenous Knowledge Systems through African epistemology and the concept of Akonuche. It also discusses agnotology, the post-truth phenomenon, and the impact of artificial intelligence on knowledge in today's hyper-globalized world. Ultimately, this work synthesizes key insights, offering a deeper understanding of the complexities of knowledge in the modern era.